The Salado introduced Pueblo architecture into Hohokam territory resulting in the emergence of great multiple-storied community houses with massive walls of adobe, along with the older, more easily constructed pit houses some houses were also built on top of platform mounds.ĭrought and unpredictable precipitation resulted in the Hohokam abandonment of most of their settlements during the period between 13. In the Classic Period the Hohokam culture was joined for several decade by the Salado tribe, a branch of the Chacoan Culture. A major technological achievement was the Copper bells cast in wax molds was a major technological achievement.
More extensive irrigation systems made possible the cultivation cotton for textiles. During the following millennium the Hohokam's greatest achievement was the hydrological engineering of complex crop irrigation canal networks, the extent of which was unsurpassed in pre-Columbian North America.ĭuring the Hohokam Sedentary Period, villages continued to consist of collections of pit houses, surrounded by walls, and platform mounds made their first appearance. The farmers cultivated Corn (maize), supplemented by wild beans and fruits and some hunting. Entrance into the enclosed houses was by ladders through rooftop smoke holes.ĭuring the Pioneer Period the Hohokam settled in agricultural villages consisting of widely scattered, individually built structures of wood, brush, and clay, each built over a shallow pit.
#Pueblo hohokam windows#
There were windows and portholes in the outer walls of the houses, but there were no doors, and entrance into the enclosure was via ladders. This larger house was surrounded by smaller edifices, and the entire group was enclosed by an adobe wall, with thickness up to 2.2 m (7 ft), built for privacy of the occupantsas and protection against enemies. The largest of these houses was bigger than Casa Grande (see pages ). The expedition uncovered many large adobe mud communal houses, and beyond them, the remains of more sparsely-settled suburbs extending for 3.2 km (2 miles). Los Muertos was excavated during the 1887-88 Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition, led by Frank Hamilton Cushing. At times, the settlement may have had as many as 13,000 inhabitants.
One of the largest of these ruins, Los Metros Pueblo ("City of the Dead"), is located about 6 miles south of Tempe, Arizona in the Salado (Salt) River valley, covering an area greater than 5.2 km2 (2 aquare miles ), bordering its ancient irrigation canal. The ruins of many Hohokam settlements are located in the Phoenix, Arizona vicinity. The term Hohokam derives from the Pima, "those who have vanished." The culture has been defined by four developmental periods: Pioneer (200–775 ce), Colonial (775–975), Sedentary (975–1150), and Classic (from approximately 1150 to sometime between 13). Ancestral Puebloans of the Hohokam Culture lived approximately from 200 to 1400 CE in the semiarid region of present-day central and southern Arizona, largely along the Gila and Salt rivers.
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